• clinical examination;
• forced computerised spirography — assessment of pulmonary function, including bronchodilator testing (provocation tests with a muscarinic agonist);
• ultrasound of the pleural cavity;
• X-ray of the lungs and pleural cavity in different projections (if indicated);
• routine clinical tests of blood, urine and secretions;
• electrocardiography (ECG);
• Doppler echocardiography (echo) with blood flow assessment (if indicated);
• body plethysmography — measurement of total lung capacity and its subdivisions, airway resistance and lung compliance;
• arterial blood gas analysis (oximetry) — assessment of the diffusing capacity of the lungs and alveolar volume;
• 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring (if indicated);
• bronchoscopy under local anaesthesia (if indicated);
• testing for common inhalant allergens (pollen, house dust mite, moulds) — if indicated.

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