- examination and palpation of the external genitalia;
- ultrasound of the scrotum, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and external genitalia;
- palpation of the prostate, testicles, epididymides, scrotum, penis and spermatic cords;
- examination of the skin of the pubic area| ultrasound of the pelvic vessels and organs;
- ultrasound of the kidneys, adrenal glands and bladder| transrectal ultrasound (TRUS — transrectal ultrasound examination of the prostate);
- laboratory diagnostics (extensive laboratory work-up: blood tests for tumour markers, PSA, sexually transmitted infections and male sex hormones, urine test for bacterial flora);
- diagnosis of erectile dysfunction (if symptoms are present);
- cystoscopy with targeted biopsy (to diagnose bladder tumours);
- percutaneous kidney biopsy (to diagnose tumours and systemic diseases);
- intravenous excretory urography (to assess the structure and excretory function of the kidneys);
- voiding cystourethrography (assessment of the structure and function of the bladder and urethra);
- retrograde urethrography (assessment of the function and structure of the urethra);
- retrograde pyelography (assessment of the structure of the renal pelvis in urolithiasis and pyelonephritis);
- contrast-enhanced computed tomography (to diagnose tumours of the kidneys and urinary tract and to search for metastases);
- magnetic resonance imaging;
- kidney scintigraphy (to assess the excretory function of the kidneys);
- positron emission tomography (to search for metastases, for example in prostate cancer, prostate adenoma, testicular cancer or renal carcinoma);
- functional studies (uroflowmetry, cystometry, video urodynamics).